A condition where individuals in the labor force are employed at less than full-time or regular jobs, or at jobs that are inadequate in terms of their training or economic needs.

‍

This includes situations where workers are overqualified for their jobs or are working part-time but desire full-time employment. Underemployment reflects a mismatch between workers' skills, qualifications, and the demands of their current roles, often leading to reduced income, job dissatisfaction, and limited career growth opportunities.